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Mutations of the X-linked methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene in humans are responsible for most cases of Rett syndrome (RTT), an X-linked progressive neurological disorder. While genome-wide screens in clinical trials have revealed several putative RTT-associated mutations in MECP2, their causal relevance regarding the functional regulation of MeCP2 at the etiologic sites at the protein level requires more evidence. In this study, we demonstrated that MeCP2 was dynamically modified by O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) at threonine 203 (T203), an etiologic site in RTT patients. Disruption of the O-GlcNAcylation of MeCP2 specifically at T203 impaired dendrite development and spine maturation in cultured hippocampal neurons, and disrupted neuronal migration, dendritic spine morphogenesis, and caused dysfunction of synaptic transmission in the developing and juvenile mouse cerebral cortex. Mechanistically, genetic disruption of O-GlcNAcylation at T203 on MeCP2 decreased the neuronal activity-induced induction of Bdnf transcription. Our study highlights the critical role of MeCP2 T203 O-GlcNAcylation in neural development and synaptic transmission potentially via brain-derived neurotrophic factor.
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Animals , Humans , Mice , Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2/metabolism , Neurodevelopmental Disorders/genetics , Rett Syndrome/genetics , Synaptic Transmission , ThreonineABSTRACT
Objective:To establish the HPLC fingerprint method for assessing the quality of Moutan Cortex, and to determine the contents of paeonol, paeoniflorin, gallic acid, hydroxyl-paeoniflorin and benzoyl-paeoniflorin of Moutan Cortex in different growth period. Methods:Diamonsil Plus C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used with the mobile phase comprising acetonitrile-0.05% formic acid solution and the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min with gradient elution manner. The detected wavelength was 230 nm for paeoniflorin and benzoyl-paeoniflorin, 267 nm for gallic acid, 258 nm for hydroxyl-paeoniflorin and 274 nm for paeonol with temperature column of 25 ℃. Then putting chromatograms into Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Chinese Materia Medica (2012A) to evaluate the similarity of Moutan Cortex in different growth period; then putting peak area data into SPSS software for cluster analysis and the clustering effect was determined. Results:The HPLC fingerprints established with this method has 23 shared peaks and 5 of them were identified, namely, paeonol, paeoniflorin, gallic acid, hydroxyl-paeoniflorin and benzoylpaeoniflorin. The similarity of Moutan Cortex in different years was between 0.850-0.991. This method has good linear relation ( r≥0.999 5), RSDs of precision, stability tests and reproducibility were lower than 1.6% ( n=6). Different growth periods of Moutan Cortex have obvious influence on the concentration of five compounds. Conclusion:This method is useful to evaluate and discriminate Moutan Cortex at different growth periods so as toprovide scientific reference on the harvest,industrialization and evaluation of Moutan Cortex.
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Developing tumor-specific drug delivery systems with minimized off-target cargo leakage remains an enduring challenge. In this study, inspired from the natural cryptobiosis explored by certain organisms and stimuli-responsive polyphenol‒metal coordination chemistry, doxorubicin (DOX)-conjugated gelatin nanoparticles with protective shells formed by complex of tannic acid and Fe
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Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of Euthyrox and selenium yeast tablets combined with seaweed Yuhu decoction in the treatment of Hashimoto's thyroiditis complicated with hypothyroidism.Methods:The prospective design was used to study 147 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and hypothyroidism in Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital from January 2015 to July 2017. According to different treatment plans, the subjects were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group A ( n=46) was given Euthyrox, group B ( n=43) was given Euthyrox+selenium yeast tablets, and group C ( n=58) was given Euthyrox+selenium yeast tablets+seaweed Yuhu decoction. After 3 months of treatment, the clinical efficacy, thyroid function [free thyroxine (FT 4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT 3)], thyroid autoantibody [thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb)] and T lymphocyte subsets (CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 +, CD4 +/CD8 +) levels were compared among the 3 groups. Results:The total effective rates [67.39% (31/46), 76.74% (33/43), 93.10% (54/58)] of the 3 groups were compared, the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=11.237, P < 0.05); the total effective rate of group C was significantly higher than that of group A and group B (χ 2=10.282, 12.382, P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of FT 4 and FT 3 in group C [(18.16 ± 2.79), (5.06 ± 0.80) pg/ml] were significantly higher than those in group A and group B [(13.52 ± 2.98), (3.56 ± 0.58), (15.62 ± 3.04), (4.22 ± 0.49) pg/ml, P < 0.05], TSH level [(4.02 ± 2.14) mU/L] was significantly lower than that in group A and group B [(13.42 ± 3.41), (6.63 ± 3.19) mU/L, P < 0.05]. After treatment, the levels of TGAb and TPOAb in group C were significantly lower than those in group A and group B ( P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of CD3 +, CD4 +, CD4 +/CD8 + in group C were significantly higher than those in group A and group B ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:Euthyrox and selenium yeast tablets combined with seaweed Yuhu decoction has a significant effect in the treatment of Hashimoto's thyroiditis complicated with hypothyroidism, and reduces the level of thyroid autoantibody, and improves the immune function of the body, which is worthy of promotion and application.
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Microsatellite instability (MSI) is caused by the deficiency of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein, which is closely related to the occurrence, development, prognosis and efficacy prediction of various tumors. MSI-high (MSI-H) and mismatch repair protein deficiency (dMMR) might be a predictor factor for the good prognosis of patients with gastric cancer, and a negative predictor factor for the chemotherapy efficacy of resectable gastric cancer. MSI-H/dMMR can be used as a marker for predicting the effective treatment outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced gastric cancer, however, the predictive role in palliative chemotherapy of advanced gastric cancer is still unclear. This paper reviews the progress of the association of MSI/MMR with prognosis and efficacy prediction in gastric cancer.
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Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and spatial distribution of hepatitis B in children in Kaizhou District of Chongqing from 2018 to 2019, and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of hepatitis B. Methods The prevalence of hepatitis B in Kaizhou District of Chongqing from 2018 to 2019 was calculated using Excel2003, and the spatial data was processed by SaTScan9.6. Aggregation of incidence of hepatitis B was investigated by calculating Moran's I coefficient. Aggregated distribution of the incidence of hepatitis B was explored by local spatial autocorrelation analysis. Results From 2018 to 2019, the cumulative number of hepatitis B in children in Kaizhou District of Chongqing was 86, with an average annual reported incidence rate of 3.01 per 100,000. Among 86 children with hepatitis B, 54 were male and 32 were female, with a male to female ratio of 1.69:1. The incidence rate of hepatitis B in 2019 was lower than that in 2018 ( P's I=0.4736, P's I=0.3915, P<0.05). The high-high (H-H) cluster areas of hepatitis B were mainly distributed in Maliu Township, Zishui Township, and Tianhe Town, while the low-low (L-L) cluster areas of hepatitis B were mainly distributed in Zhaojia Street and Changsha Town. Conclusion In 2018-2019, the incidence of hepatitis B among children in Kaizhou District, Chongqing City had a downward trend. The incidence of hepatitis B among males and children aged 10 to 14 years old was relatively high. There was a positive spatial autocorrelation of the incidence. The prevention and treatment of hepatitis B in high-risk population and hot spots should be strengthened.
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Objective@#To explore changing trend in prognosis of primary hypopharyngeal carcinoma and to analyze the reasons at the Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University.@*Methods@#We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 461 patients with primary hypopharyngeal carcinoma treated at the Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University from 2003 to 2007 (Group 1) and 2010 to 2014 (Group 2) according to the inclusion criteria. 142 from Group 1, including 133 males and 9 females, rangedfrom 38 to 82 years old and 319 from Group 2, including 313 males and 6 females, ranged from 39 to 81 years old, were included in this work. The laryngeal function preservation rate, survival outcome, application and effect of pre-and post-operative adjuvant therapy were compared. SPSS 24.0 was used for statistical analyses.@*Results@#There were 62 patients with early disease (T1-2N0) including 18 in Group 1 and 44 in Group 2, in whom 3 (16.7%) underwent surgical procedures with laryngeal function preservation in Group 1, while, 30 (68.2%) underwent laryngeal function preservation surgery in Group 2. The laryngeal function preservation rate showed an obviously upward trend in recent years (χ2=13.617, P<0.001), whereas, the recurrence-free survival rate (RFS) and overall survival rate (OS) showed no significant differences between two groups (P=0.469 and 0.808, respectively). Among the 399 patients with advanced disease, 124 were in Group 1 and 275 in Group 2. After propensity score matching (PSM) was used, the OS rate was significantly higher for Group 2 than Group 1 (P=0.017), while the application of laryngeal function preservation surgery was significantly higher in Group 2 (χ2=4.686, P=0.030). The application rates of preoperative adjuvant therapy and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (χ2=5.687, P=0.017; χ2=19.407, P<0.001).@*Conclusion@#The application of laryngeal function preserving surgery significantly increases the retention rate of laryngeal functions in patients with early-stage hypopharyngeal carcinoma, with similar long-term survival outcomes. The application of comprehensive treatment including preoperative adjuvant therapy and postoperative adjuvant treatments, especially postoperative chemoradiotherapy, shows an obvious increase in the function preservation rate and long-term survival in patients with advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Objective@#To determine the relationship between nodal disease distribution patterns and oncological outcome and optimum management of cN0/cN1 patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC).@*Methods@#The collected clinical data and the follow-up disease-free survival (DFS) information from 154 patients with HPSCC treated between 2001 and 2014 in Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate DFS rate. Log-rank test and Cox regression model were performed to evaluate the survival prognostic factors for univariate and multivariate analyses.@*Results@#Among 154 patients (63 cN0 patients, 91 cN1 patients) with HPSCC,in whom 148 were male, 6 were female, with an arerage age of (58.6±9.9), 63 cN0 patients received lateral neck dissection, of whom 9 were histologically positive nodes. Particularly, occult metastasis rate was 15.6%(7/45) for HPSCC in pyriform sinus and 18.2%(2/11) for HPSCC in posterior pharyngeal wall. Among 91 cN1 HPSCC, 34 underwent radical neck dissection and 54 underwent selective neck dissection. DFS for patients(T3-4N1) with radical neck dissection was lower than that for patient with selective neck dissection(15.2% vs.39.5%, χ2=5.153, P<0.05). The DFS of cN0 HPSCC was overestimated by the false-negative patients (cN0→pN+) for cN0 HPSCC and the DFS of cN1 HPSCC was underestimated by the false-positive(cN1→pN0) for cN1 HPSCC.@*Conclusions@#For cN1 HPSCC, compared with radical neck dissection, selective neck dissection may be considered as a more adequate method for removal of metastatic lymph nodes. Postoperative combined therapy and follow-up strategy should be established according to pathological N staging.
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Objective@#To understand the current situation and the relationship between the health literacy of primary school teachers and health behavior literacy of students, and to provide some inspiration for the reform of health promotion and education in school.@*Methods@#Twelve primary schools were selected from Jintai district, Chencang district and Long county，and we used stratified cluster random sampling method to choose 334 primary school teachers and 622 students of grade 4 and 6 to fill out the questionnaire.@*Results@#Nearly 46.71% of all the teachers had adequate health literacy. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the urban and rural (OR=2.30, 95%CI=1.30-4.07) and gender (OR=2.62, 95%CI=1.36-5.05) were statistically significant for the health literacy among teachers; Adequate health behavior literacy was found in 46.78% of all the students，multivariate Logistic regression analysis also showed the urban and rural (OR=2.07, 95%CI=1.33-3.24）and mother’s education (OR=2.01-2.41, 95%CI=1.25-4.76) were statistically significant. Spearman correlation coefficient between health literacy of the teachers and students was(r=0.69, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The relation between health literacy of the teachers and students is positive. To improve the health literacy of primary school students, health literacy of primary school teachers should be improved first in China.
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Transoral microresection for treatment of vocal cord lesions involving the anterior commissure may result in anterior glottic webs. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed 54 patients who underwent microsurgery for bilateral lesions involving the anterior commissure and categorized them into two groups. The keel placement and control groups received endoscopic keel placement and mitomycin C, respectively. During the follow-up of at least 1 year, the laryngeal web formation rate significantly decreased in the keel placement group compared with that in the control group (18.6% versus 54.5%, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the voice handicap index-10 scores for patients without web formation decreased in both the keel placement and control groups (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001, respectively). A pseudomembrane covering the vocal cords was detected in 16.3% (7 of 43) cases after keel removal. A total of 100% (7 of 7) of these cases and 2.8% (1 of 36) of the other cases formed laryngeal webs (P < 0.0001). Endoscopic keel placement could be an effective method for preventing anterior glottic webs after surgery for bilateral vocal cord diseases involving the anterior commissure. The pseudomembrane observed at the time of keel removal may imply a high risk of web formation.
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Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Laryngoscopy , Laryngostenosis , Diagnosis , General Surgery , Larynx , Congenital Abnormalities , General Surgery , Retrospective Studies , Silicone ElastomersABSTRACT
Objective@#To evaluate the oncologic and functional outcomes of supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL) in the treatment of laryngeal carcinoma.@*Methods@#A total of 298 laryngeal carcinoma patients who underwent SCPL treatment from January 2005 to December 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical data of demographic and clinical characteristics, postoperative complications, rehabilitation information, recurrence and metastasis were analysed. Survival and local control were used to evaluate the clinical outcome.Data were analyzed by SPSS 23.0 software.@*Results@#Thirty-one patients with supraglottic carcinoma underwent cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (CHEP)and 267 with glottic carcinoma underwent cricohyoidopexy (CHP) were enrolled in this study. The mean duration of followed up was 74 months, ranging from 12 to 146 months. Fifty-four cases died at last follow-up. With respect to 31 patients with supraglottic carcinoma, 5- and 10-year overall survival rates and disease specific survival rates all were 78.1%; 5- and 10-year disease free survival rates were 72.1% and 63.7% respectively; and 5- and 10-year local control rates were both 84.2%. In 267 patients with glottic carcinoma, 5- and 10-year overall survival rates were 85.8% and 77.1% respectively; 5- and 10-year disease specific survival rates were 86.6% and 78.4% respectively; 5- and 10-year disease free survival rates were 80.6% and 74.2% respectively; and 5- and 10-year local control rates were 90.0% and 89.4% respectively. The survival rate of patients with glottic carcinoma at stage T1 was higher than that at stage T2 or T3, and the disease free survival rate of patients with early stage was superior than that of patients with advance stage. Cox regression analysis showed that tumor stage T2, and T3, tumor recurrence, and tumor metastasis were independent risk factors for survival. Furthermore, nasogastric feeding tube removal rate was 100% and the decannulation rates of SCPL were 96% in the patients with SCPL.@*Conclusions@#SCPL is a safe procedure with tumor resection for laryngeal carcinoma, with preserving of swallowing, respiration, and phonation functions, and has excellent survival and local control rates. This procedure could be considered as a standard function-sparing treatment for selected patients with laryngeal carcinoma of stages T1b-T3.
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Objective To discuss the health education effect of a self-made health education video for patients with hepatic carcinoma who are receiving transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE)therapy.Methods Based on the needs of patients,a TACE health education video was designed and produced,which was input into the tablet personal computer,such as iPad,to let patients watch.A total of 451 patients with liver cancer,who were admitted to the Department of Intervention,First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Technology and Science,China,to receive TACE during the period from June 2014 to June 2016,were included in this study.By using the random number table method,the patients were divided into the observation group (n=226) and the control group (n=225).The self-made health education video together with regular education was used to educate the patients of the observation group,while routine oral and written education was executed for the patients of the control group.The cognition to TACE-related knowledge,the compliance with postoperative treatment and nursing,and the patient's satisfaction were assessed and the results were compared between the two groups.Results The cognition in the following three aspects,including TACE-related knowledge,perioperative education and discharge education,in the patients of the observation group was significantly higher than that in the patients of the control group (P＜0.05).The compliance with postoperative treatment and nursing in the patients of the observation group was remarkably higher than that in the patients of the control group (P＜0.01).The patient's satisfaction in the patients of the observation group was strikingly higher than that in the patients of the control group (P＜0.01).Conclusion Health education by using a self-made health education video can improve liver cancer patient's cognition to TACE as well as the patient's compliance with postoperative treatment and nursing.The health education in the form of watching video can significantly improve health education effect and the satisfaction of the patients.Thus,it is worthy of clinical application.
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Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignancies of human beings. The prognosis of advanced HNSCC is poor despite improvements in traditional treatment strategies including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Cancer immunotherapy is the use of the immune system to treat cancer, which provides a sustained antitumor reaction but an absense of chemoresistance. Cancer immunotherapy is becoming the forth treatment strategy towards cancer. Therefore, we reviewed the current state of immunotherapy for HNSCC.
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Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and economics of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with Dermatophagoides farinae drops in patients with allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. Method:Two hundred and three patients (aged 4-60 yr) with allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma induced by house dust mites were retrospectively analyzed. Eighty-six patients were treated by SLIT with standardized Dermatophagoides farina drops and pharmacotherapy (SLIT group), while 117 patients were treated by standardized pharmacotherapy (drug group). Patients were followed up for 2 years with one visit in every 3 months. Total nasal syptom score (TNSS), total rhinitis medicine score (TRMS), daytime asthma syptom score (DASS), nighttime asthma syptom score (NASS), total asthma medicine score (TAMS) and treatment charge were recorded at each visit. Result:There was no significant difference between two groups in TNSS, TRMS, DASS, NASS, TAMS before treatment (all P>0.05). After 1-year or 2-year duration, there were significant differences between the SLIT group and drug group in TNSS, TMSS, DASS, NASS, TAMS (all P<0.01). After 1-year or 2-year duration, the symptom scores and medication scores of SLIT group significantly decreased compared with those before treatment (all P<0.01). In terms of treatment charge, although direct cost of SLIT group was a little higher than that of drug group, the indirect cost of SLIT group was remarkably lower than that of drug group, showing significant difference (P<0.01). Conclusion:SLIT with Dermatophagoides farinae drops is effective in patients with allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma, which may also reduce indirect cost.
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Objective To compared analgesic effect of sufentanil and fentanyl in surgery patients during mechanical ventilation, and to explore the rational dosage of analgesic and sedative drugs. Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. 600 postoperative critically ill patients underwent mechanical ventilation for 12-72 hours admitted to Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from April 2013 to March 2015 were enrolled. They were randomly divided into two groups, sufentanil and fentanyl was used for analgesia respectively, and 300 patients in each group. The initiate dosage of sufentanil and fentanil was 5 μg/h and 50 μg/h, and the dosage was adjusted. A postoperative pain score (Prince-Henry score) of 0-1, and Richmond agitation-sedation scale (RASS) score -1-0 were targeted. 1 mg/kg of propofol was used if patient could not fall in sleep or felt anxious after loading dose of sufentanil (5 μg) or fentanil (50 μg) for 5 minutes. The use of analgesic drugs, the proportion and dosage of propofol was observed in the two groups, and adverse reactions were recorded. Results The mean dose of sufentanil for analgesia was (0.07±0.02) μg·kg-1·h-1, and the mean dose of fentanyl was (0.67±0.12) μg·kg-1·h-1. The patients in the two groups received propofol 40 to 60 mg/h in night, and the use proportion of propofol in sufentanil group was slightly less than that in fentanyl group (25.7% vs. 28.3%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). It was found by subgroup age analysis that, the mean analgesic dose of sufentanil or fentanyl in patients over 80 years old was lower than that in 70-79 years, 60-69 years and < 60 years groups but without statistical significance. There were 11 cases (3.7%) and 21 cases (7.0%) patients suffered from respiratory depression in sufentanil group and fentanyl group, respectively, without statistical significance (P = 0.069). The hemodynamics of patients in two groups was stable during analgesia, and no accidental extubation due to restlessness was found. Conclusions A smaller dose of sufentanil for postoperative patients underwent mechanical ventilation with satisfactory analgesia was (0.07±0.02) μg·kg-1·h-1, but need to be added with 40-60 mg/h and a small dose of propofol to improve anxiety and sleep. The proportion of patients needing propofol addition was slightly lower than that of fentanyl.
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Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) with lobaplatin and docetaxel for treatment of synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from gastric cancer. Methods:Fifty patients with synchronous PC from gastric cancer were treated by 52 CRS+HIPEC procedures with 100 mg of lobaplatin and 120 mg of docetaxel in 12000 mL of normal saline at (43 ± 0.5)℃for 60 min. The primary and secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and perioperative safety profiles, respectively. Results:At a median follow-up of 22.5 months, the median OS rate was 14.3 (95%CI:7.6-21.0) months, and the 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 58%, 40%, and 32%, respectively. No perioperative deaths or serious adverse events occurred in 12 cases (23.1%). Multivariate analysis indicated that completeness of cytoreduction, nor-mality of perioperative tumor markers, and adjuvant chemotherapy of more than six cycles were independent predictors for improved survival. Conclusions:CRS+HIPEC with lobaplatin and docetaxel could improve the OS and ensure perioperative safety of patients with synchronous PC from gastric cancer.
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Whether the sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis has important clinical significance for the therapy and prognosis of tumor. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has became the most accurate clinical method to confirm the status of sentinel lymph node. And the key of the success of SLNB is the localization of SLN. The methods used to locate SLN mainly are blue dye tracer method, radionuclide tracer technique, blue dye tracer method combined with radionuclide tracer technique, indirect lymphography, NIR imaging, and photoacoustic imaging. This article demonstrates the principle, application method and contrast agents of the indirect lymphography and the application in head and neck tumor.
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Humans , Contrast Media , Head and Neck Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Lymph Nodes , Lymphatic Metastasis , Lymphography , Prognosis , Sentinel Lymph Node BiopsyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the value of indirect CT lymphography (CT-LG) combined with nanocarbon tracer suspension staining in the sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection of rabbit tongue (cancer).@*METHOD@#Eight rabbits were divided into two groups, i. e. normal control group (6 rabbits) and VX2 tongue carcinoma group (2 rabbits). Pre-contrast CT images were taken for all rabbits. The mixture of iohexol and nanocarbon tracer suspension (iohexol 0.25 ml and nanocarbon tracer 0.25 ml, respectively, volume ratio = 1:1) was used as contrast agent of indirect CT-LG. Indirect CT-LG was performed as the contrast agent was injection into right ventrolateral submucosa of the tongues. CT images were acquired at 1, 5, 10 and 15 min after injection.@*RESULT@#There were no cervical lymph nodes clearly identified in any group on the pre-contrast CT images. After the contrast agent injection, indirect CT-LG showed an ipsilateral SLN with rapid enhancement which was the only enhanced SLN, located lateral to the larynx-trachea region in all rabbits of VX2 control group and carcinoma group. The CT attenuation values of SLN were (58.80 ± 5.45) HU, (134.80 ± 28.92) HU, (91.00 ± 13.08) HU and (63.80 ± 4.32) HU at 1, 5, 10 and 15 minutes after indirect CT-LG. After the cervical anatomy guided by CT scan, all of the right deep SLN showed a distinct enrichment of black dye highly consistent with the locations on the indirect CT-LG images.@*CONCLUSION@#It is more accurate for sentinel lymph node detection by indirect CT lymphography combined with nanocarbon tracer staining.
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Animals , Rabbits , Carcinoma , Contrast Media , Disease Models, Animal , Injections , Lymph Nodes , Lymphography , Neck , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Tongue Neoplasms , DiagnosisABSTRACT
Objective To prepared inclusion complex of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and its derivatives (methyl -β-cyclode-xtrin, 2,6-dimethyl -β-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl -β-cyclodextrin ) with entrcavir, and explore effect of different inclusion complex on the solubility and dissolution of entecavir.Methods Regression equation was established,prepared the inclusion complexes by a magnetic stiring method,grinding method and ultrasonic method.While inclusion rate was an index,the effects of reaction process was inquired by mole ratio, inclusion temperature, inclusion time and stirring rate and the most suitable method and technology of inclusion was optimized.Determinated the solubility with HPLC method and investigated in vitro dissolution with a small cup method.Results The regression equation was A=1.026 ×106C+4248.8, R2 =0.9999 (n=6), in the range of 0.497~4.97 g/mL, linear relationship was good.The best inclusion method was magnetic stirring, the best process conditions were: mole ratio was 1 ︰1, stirring speed was 300 r/min, inclusion time was 4 hours, inclusion temperature was 50 ℃.The four inclusion complexes all were white loose powder materials.The solubility of ETV,β-CD-ETV,HP-β-CD-ETV,RM-β-CD-ETV,2,6-DM-β-CD-ETV were 2.51, 13.4, 18.9, 37.6 and 89.5 g/L.The dissolution rates was ETV<β-CD-ETV
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Objective To observe the damage effect of borneol on rabbit corneal epithelial cells. Methods After the treatment with borneol at 100, 200, 400 μg·mL-1 respectively, the viability of rabbit corneal epithelial cells was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT) assay, cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry with Annexin V- fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide ( FITC/PI) staining, and Caspase-3 mRNA expression was detected with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) . Results Borneol at the concentrations of 100, 200, 400 μg·mL-1 inhibited the activity of rabbit corneal epithelial cells. Compared with the normal control group, borneol increased the rate of apoptosis, and enhanced the Caspase-3 mRNA expression in rabbit corneal epithelial cells ( P<0.05 or P<0.01) . Conclusion Borneol can inhibit the proliferation of rabbit corneal epithelial cells, induce cell apoptosis through enhancing the expression of apoptosis-related gene Caspase-3 mRNA.